The seat of Oldham County, Vega lies on I-40 due west of Amarillo at the junction with US 385.
The town is a farming and ranching trade center, and has grain elevators, farm implement houses, county and federal government offices, and several motels. The population increased from 658 in 1960 to 900 in 1980, when over one-third of the population of Oldham County resided in Vega.
In 1990 the population of Vega was 840.